The gringo who played chess with Lechín | El gringo que jugaba ajedrez con Lechín

By Raúl Rivero, Brujula Digital:

Eric Kumar, an Englishman of Austrian origin, arrived in Bolivia in the 1930s searching for his father, but the country captivated him. He sold goods in remote villages, earning the trust of the people. Later, as a mining manager, he refused to hand over studies of a deposit to Juan Lechín, who had him imprisoned.

In the early years of the third decade of the 20th century, Austrian engineer Herman Kumar arrived in Bolivia, hired by Patiño to install diesel electric generators in various mining mills. These machines were metal monsters, brought to their destination in large crates using, successively, ships, trains, and mule caravans; their assembly required the precision and patience of an excellent technician.

Determined to stay in Bolivia, by the end of that decade, in 1929, the European engineer encouraged a group of Bolivian industrialists to invest capital in an oil exploration venture, the “Águila Doble Oil Company” — to which Kumar contributed his entire fortune — carrying out various pioneering prospecting efforts in the Valle Alto of Cochabamba and the Chapare region, which, unfortunately, were unsuccessful.

In England, a victim of the Great Depression that spared no one after the dramatic crash of the New York stock market in October 1929, his son Eric — who had adopted British nationality — was hit by poverty and without prospects of escaping it, learned with dismay that his father had lost his entire fortune in the Águila Doble oil venture. So in 1933, he set out for faraway Bolivia — then immersed in a war with its neighbor Paraguay; hard times for the South American nation — to convince his father to return to Europe, as he was suffering from cancer, which would claim his life years later in his native Austria.

As Eric Kumar would tell his descendants, he didn’t conquer Bolivia — Bolivia conquered him. He came solely to find his father and bring him back to Europe, but he stayed, enchanted by the strange and spellbinding country. Looking for work, he responded to a job offer from a major Anglo-Chilean import company. He made a good impression in the interview, and they offered to let him choose his sales base: “La Paz, Oruro, Cochabamba?” He answered, “None of them.” To their surprise, he requested and obtained exclusive sales rights in the small towns of the Bolivian highlands, including Potosí and Sucre.

Soon, Eric became the company’s star salesman; he would leave La Paz by train loaded with suitcases full of fabrics, threads, scissors, sewing needles, buttons, buckles, thimbles, and other low-value products — items no other salesman wanted to take to the miserable and remote villages he had claimed as his own territory. Upon reaching the end of the railway line, Eric rented a pair of mules, loaded his suitcases on them, and continued his journey.

He became the most loved and respected man among the local chiefs and authorities of the places he visited, as almost none of them had ever received a visit from a traveling salesman — and this one even dared to leave merchandise on credit with the few established stores, saying with almost indifference: “You can pay me on my next visit.” “Crazy gringo, let’s see if we ever see him again!” But a while later, the tall, thin, smiling figure of the gringo would appear on the horizon, leading his mule train. His clients never failed him, always paying him punctually — they appreciated the effort of the only supplier willing to reach such remote areas.

Eric soon began to prosper and managed to save some money, but it was an exhausting pace. Seeking rest, he accepted a position supervising an American mining operation in Bolivia and, on September 3, 1939 — his birthday and just hours after the outbreak of World War II — he married a beautiful Cochabambina woman, Carmen Rosa Vargas.

Outraged by the Anschluss — the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany — and determined to support his adopted homeland, Eric Kumar traveled to Canada and volunteered for the British Royal Air Force. On the grounds that his tall stature — the gringo was 1.93 meters (6’4″) — disqualified him as a pilot, he was rejected. Instead, British intelligence warned him: “Return to (Bolivia) and make sure those minerals don’t fall into German hands — the Third Reich has agents and followers throughout Latin America, especially in Bolivia.” To his relief, he never had to report anything unusual until the end of the war.

On April 9, 1952, the revolution broke out, and the MNR came to power. Six months later, the regime nationalized the mines, including the one managed by Eric Kumar. As the mining company’s manager, Kumar had in his possession studies and evaluations of an important mineral deposit, the location of which only he knew. Juan Lechín Oquendo, the powerful union leader and founder of the state mining company COMIBOL, was aware of these studies. He visited the gringo and demanded he hand them over, receiving a firm refusal.

Determined to obtain those documents — and especially the exact location of the promising deposit — Lechín ordered Kumar’s arrest. His wife and children, unaware of his whereabouts, were in despair as Eric was taken to the panopticon prison in La Paz. To pressure him, Lechín visited the prisoner frequently, but Kumar stubbornly refused to hand over the valuable studies.

Though at first hesitant due to the nature of their standoff, a peculiar friendship soon formed. Eric Kumar was an excellent chess player, and Lechín — like many of Arab descent — enjoyed board games and especially games of chance. Their meetings soon took place across a checkered board. Knowing that his opponent hated to lose even a single match, the gringo let him win — something that didn’t escape the astute politician and union leader, who eventually confronted him: “Alright, what do you want, gringo?” “I want you to let my wife know I’m alive and where I am. Since she won’t believe you, bring her to the panopticon so she can see them throwing buckets of cold water on me in the yard.” Juan Lechín complied.

After several frustrating weeks, the jailer finally gave up: “Gringo, I don’t think you’ll ever give me those papers. In fact, I have an even bigger problem now — both the British embassy, because you’re a British citizen, and the Americans from the mining company, because you work for them, are demanding your release.” A few days later, Eric Kumar was released — but not without first hearing this ominous warning from the powerful politician: “You’re free, but don’t forget your family is Bolivian.”

However, thanks to the quick action and connections of Carmen Rosa’s relatives and friends, she and the children left for Lima on a brand-new Panagra DC4 plane. A few months later, after intense negotiations, Eric Kumar also left for Peru under diplomatic escort. The exiles would take several years to return to Bolivia.

Author’s Note: These true anecdotes, though with changed names, are part of my novel Sanders, published in 2019.

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