The gold jewelry business is revived, and exports soar | Revive el negocio de la joyería de oro y las exportaciones se disparan

By DANIEL ZENTENO, La Razon:

As of November 2024, the United Arab Emirates accounted for 96% of purchases of Bolivian gold jewelry.

A goldsmith in his workshop.

The gold jewelry sector experienced significant growth in 2024. After a 2023 marked by low figures and limited markets, jewelry exports reached $168.4 million by November 2024, compared to the modest $8.3 million recorded for all of 2023.

This nearly 2,000% increase reflects the sector’s recovery and its consolidation in new international markets.

According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE), during 2023, the United States was the primary and only destination for Bolivian gold jewelry, absorbing 331 kilos valued at $7 million. However, in 2024, the scenario changed drastically with the United Arab Emirates emerging as the main market, surpassing the U.S.

This outlet contacted the private Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE) to understand the reasons behind the recovery of the gold jewelry sector. “This increase in value is related to the rise in gold prices, which went up by 23% between 2023 and 2024, driving a 654% expansion in export volume by November of last year compared to the entire 2023 period,” said IBCE General Manager Gary Rodríguez, describing the increase as “a true leap.”

The growth in exports is also accompanied by a significant increase in gold jewelry production. While Bolivia barely produced 400 kilograms in 2023, by November 2024, production reached nearly 3 metric tons.

This productive increase serves as a solid foundation to meet the growing international demand and capitalize on market opportunities.

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH

According to the Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE), the gold jewelry sector accounts for 2.2% of the country’s total export revenue by November 2024.

Although still a modest fraction, this percentage gains importance considering the exponential growth recorded in the last year compared to the previous period.

The decline in 2022 and 2023 had left the sector in a vulnerable position. In 2022, Bolivia exported 2,350 kilograms of gold jewelry valued at $87.5 million, a 57% drop compared to 2021. Since then, exports had been in steady decline until 2023.

This slump was accompanied by the loss of strategic markets like Turkey and Italy, which significantly reduced exported volumes. The emergence of the United Arab Emirates reversed this trend, opening new opportunities for the sector.

Additionally, according to Rodríguez, one possible reason for the 2024 export increase is that the generated revenues are in foreign currency.

PROFITS AND EXCHANGE RATE

The IBCE manager explained that the nearly “60%” difference in the exchange rate “between the official dollar and the ‘black market’ dollar is a tremendous incentive to export a high-value, low-volume commodity at an extraordinarily high price, with profits potentially being more financial than commercial in nature,” he told this outlet.

Moreover, the stabilization of international gold prices and improvements in the design and manufacturing quality of Bolivian jewelry have enhanced the product’s competitiveness abroad.

While the current outlook appears promising, the sector still faces significant challenges to maintain this growth momentum. Consolidating trade relationships with emerging markets, improving quality standards, and meeting international regulatory requirements are critical for ensuring the sector’s sustainability in 2025.

For this reason, the IBCE manager noted, “In the international market, nothing is set in stone,” emphasizing that factors like market fluctuations and the specific conditions of each country could lead to the loss of clients, as happened with Italy and Turkey. This unpredictability underscores the fragile nature of international market relations.

Additionally, the fluctuation of international gold prices and competition from other exporting countries remain persistent threats. However, the dynamism shown in 2024 opens the door for Bolivia to solidify its presence in high-value markets and further expand its global market share, attracting new clients.

MARKETS FOR JEWELRY

According to INE data, of the 2,948 kilograms (nearly 3 metric tons) of gold jewelry produced by November 2024, a total of 2,676 kilograms (96%) were exported to the United Arab Emirates, while the remaining 4% (271 kilograms) went to the U.S. market.

Although the emergence of the United Arab Emirates enabled the sector’s recovery last year, it is essential for the country to seek other markets to avoid repeating past situations that resulted in reduced export revenues for the sector.

For instance, in 2022, Bolivia had a much more diversified market. The top five gold jewelry importing countries that year were China, the United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, India, and the United States. Currently, only two of those countries continue importing Bolivian gold jewelry, with the others no longer being international buyers.

Similarly, despite the decline in jewelry production since 2007—when over 16 metric tons were produced—the increase in gold valuation allows the activity to remain profitable, even though production levels are significantly lower.

“As for the prospects for jewelry exports, there could be major surprises,” Rodríguez said when asked about the sector’s outlook for 2025.

EMERGING COMPETITOR

The revival of gold jewelry exports has not only restored confidence among producers and exporters but has also positioned the country as an emerging competitor in the luxury goods market, as it was in previous years. In 2021, Bolivia fell out of the ranking of the world’s top 30 gold jewelry exporters, according to data from the specialized trade portal Trade Map.

However, the rebound in 2024 suggests that this momentum should be seized. Strengthening the production chain, diversifying export destinations, and improving product quality will be essential to consolidating this growth and projecting it into the future.

As Rodríguez noted, the scenario is unpredictable, but Bolivia has demonstrated its productive capacity and high quality, suggesting it could regain the production levels of past decades.

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