Bolivian coup d’état? Nah! – ¿Golpe de Estado en Bolivia? ¡No!

By Carlos Hugo Laruta, Brujula Digital:

Kalimán and Zúñiga, false rabbits on the populist menu

The Bolivian popular mischief invented a dish called “false rabbit.” It centrally carries one or several slices of tasty, thin and seasoned beef, which wants to appear to be rabbit, but its meat is not rabbit. It has a medium dry flavor, but it is not rabbit. It looks like a rabbit, but it’s not a rabbit.

What does the false rabbit have to do with Generals Kalimán and Zúñiga? Well let’s see.

  1. What is a coup d’état

In the 19th and 20th centuries of Latin American and Bolivian political history, a coup d’état was the action through which a ruler and the leadership of the Government were removed and another group of people came to power in their place. The military coups were that, clearly and without hesitation, since they additionally annulled the validity of the other powers of the State, especially the Legislative.

  1. What is not a coup d’état

Already in current democratic times, the meaning and meaning of the word coup d’état was gradually changing, and especially in this 21st century.

For example, the removal of President Dilma Rousseff in Brazil and the inauguration of another president was a constitutional fact. Another similar case is that of the resignation of Evo Morales and the possession by constitutional succession of Senator Jeanine Añez as President of the State in Bolivia. Both cases are not coups d’état but rather constitutional and democratic solutions, even within the limits of legality.

  1. Kalimán, star actor in a failed return strategy

In November 2019, General William Kalimán was the star actor, uniformed for such a special event. He appeared on TV and alluding to the Organic Law of the Armed Forces (which suggests premeditation) “recommended” the then president, Evo Morales, to leave the presidency to avoid further conflicts in the country.

All serious analyzes of the events of that time show concatenation, logical articulation, coincidence and succession of dates and events, etc. Kalimán’s appearance on TV was part of a strategy that sought to leave the State under military control so that after the conflicts were resolved, the fled President Morales would return to power.

Thus, in November 2019 there was no coup and as the populist play staged by Morales with that of his uniformed star actor Kalimán failed, the aforementioned constitutional succession occurred in the country. Añez preserved the Legislative Assemblies headed by Eva Copa (although the mayor now wants to forget it).

  1. Zúñiga, star actor of the June 26 show

On Wednesday, June 26, 2024, some people whose names I will not say, but we all know, invented a coup d’état. There were assault cars in the streets, but it was not a coup. There were dozens of soldiers armed to the teeth, but it was not a coup. They used tear gas apologizing to the people for the inconvenience, but it was no coup. There was previous propaganda from the top of power that spoke of a “soft coup,” and even a Minister of Economy accused the American chargé d’affaires of being the one who gave the recipe for the coup, but it was not a coup. What was it then?

As was very clear to all citizens, especially of La Paz, our powerful rogues of the moment invented the not-so-new dish called “false coup.”

In June 2024 there was no coup or self-coup, but rather the show of a president who, in order to confront his very low popular support, required a show with uniformed men to raise his image. But he did not have the cunning of the media and the citizens who first got scared, but then realized the truth and the shot backfired.

In summary, a coup d’état centrally (although not only) implies the removal of the president and the leadership of the Government. A self-coup could exist in a democratic president who assumes all powers. But what happened on Wednesday, June 26, does not fit into either of those two definitions: it was just a show or “false coup” by a populist president eager to regain some popularity.

Something similar occurred to Hernán Siles Suazo, another populist, who had lost credibility with the hyperinflation of 11,000% in 1984, shortly before Parliament shortened his mandate and he went to his house. Populists are ingenious at staying in power at any cost and – we have seen it – sometimes they have uniformed men.

Carlos Hugo Laruta is a sociologist and research professor at the UMSA.

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